The blue UV slopes of z~4 Lyman break galaxies: implications for the corrected star formation rate density

TL;DR

This study introduces a new method for selecting z~4 Lyman Break Galaxies and accurately measuring their UV slopes, revealing they are generally dust-poor and leading to a revised, lower estimate of the star formation rate density at that epoch.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel selection technique and a robust approach to determine UV slopes, improving the accuracy of dust extinction estimates in z~4 LBGs.

Findings

z~4 LBGs have predominantly blue UV slopes indicating low dust extinction.

The corrected star formation rate density at z~4 is lower than previous estimates.

Most high SFR galaxies are heavily extincted, affecting their observed UV properties.

Abstract

We plan to analyse dust extinction in Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) by introducing a new and more reliable approach to their selection and to the characterization of their distribution of UV slopes beta, using deep IR images from HST. We exploit deep WFC3 IR observations of the ERS and HUDF fields over GOODS-South, combined with HST-ACS optical data, to select z~4 LBGs through a new (B-V) vs. (V-H) colour diagram. The UV slope of the selected galaxies is robustly determined by a linear fit over their observed I, Z, Y, J magnitudes, coherently with the original definition of beta. The same fit is used to determine their rest-frame UV magnitudes M1600 through a simple interpolation. We estimate the effect of observational uncertainties with detailed simulations that we also exploit, under a parametric maximum-likelihood approach, to constrain the probability density function of UV slopes PDF(beta) as a function of rest-frame magnitude. We find 142 and 25 robust LBGs in the ERS and HUDF fields respectively, limiting our sample to S/N(H)>10 objects. Our newly defined criteria improve the selection of z~4 LBGs and allow us to exclude red interlopers at lower redshift, especially z~3-3.5 objects. We find that z~4 LBGs are characterized by blue UV slopes, suggesting a low dust extinction: all L<L* galaxies have an average UV slope <beta>\simeq-2.1, while brighter objects only are slightly redder (<beta> -1.9). We find an intrinsic dispersion ~ 0.3 for PDF(beta) at all magnitudes. The SFRD at z~4 corrected according to these estimates turns out to be lower than previously found: log(SFRD)\simeq-1.09 M_sun/yr/Mpc^3. Finally, we discuss how the UV slope of z~4 galaxies changes as a function of the dust-corrected UV magnitude (i.e. SFR) showing that most galaxies with a high SFR (> 80 M_sun/yr) are highly extincted objects. [Abridged]