Implicitization of rational maps

TL;DR

This paper develops a method for implicitizing hypersurfaces using linear syzygies and approximation complexes, focusing on toric compactifications to improve the behavior of base loci and providing bounds for implicit equations.

Contribution

It introduces a new approach using toric compactifications and graded regularity to compute implicit equations of hypersurfaces more effectively.

Findings

Resolutions for symmetric algebra provide implicit equations.

Bounds on grading parameters depend on regularity of the algebra.

Toric compactifications improve the implicitization process.

Abstract

Motivated by the interest in computing explicit formulas for resultants and discriminants initiated by B\'ezout, Cayley and Sylvester in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and emphasized in the latest years due to the increase of computing power, we focus on the implicitization of hypersurfaces in several contexts. Our approach is based on the use of linear syzygies by means of approximation complexes, following [Bus\'e Jouanolou 03], where they develop the theory for a rational map $f:P^{n-1}\dashrightarrow P^n$. Approximation complexes were first introduced by Herzog, Simis and Vasconcelos in [Herzog Simis Vasconcelos 82] almost 30 years ago. The main obstruction for this approximation complex-based method comes from the bad behavior of the base locus of $f$. Thus, it is natural to try different compatifications of $A^{n-1}$, that are better suited to the map $f$, in order to avoid unwanted base points. With this purpose, in this thesis we study toric compactifications $T$ for $A^{n-1}$. We provide resolutions $Z.$ for $Sym_I(A)$, such that $\det((Z.)_\nu)$ gives a multiple of the implicit equation, for a graded strand $\nu\gg 0$. Precisely, we give specific bounds $\nu$ on all these settings which depend on the regularity of $\SIA$. Starting from the homogeneous structure of the Cox ring of a toric variety, graded by the divisor class group of $T$, we give a general definition of Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity for a polynomial ring $R$ over a commutative ring $k$, graded by a finitely generated abelian group $G$, in terms of the support of some local cohomology modules. As in the standard case, for a $G$-graded $R$-module $M$ and an homogeneous ideal $B$ of $R$, we relate the support of $H_B^i(M)$ with the support of $Tor_j^R(M,k)$.