The nature of the embedded intermediate-mass T Tauri star DK Cha

TL;DR

This study analyzes the excitation and accretion properties of the intermediate-mass T Tauri star DK Cha, revealing similarities with low-mass T Tauri stars and providing detailed spectroscopic insights into its circumstellar environment.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed spectroscopic analysis of DK Cha, an intermediate-mass T Tauri star, highlighting its emission line properties and accretion rates, and comparing them with low-mass counterparts.

Findings

Optically thick emission in LTE at ~3500 K from a compact region.

Brackett decrements consistent with fluorescence excitation mechanisms.

Accretion rate of approximately 3x10^-7 solar masses per year.

Abstract

Most of our knowledge about star formation is based on studies of low-mass stars, whereas very little is known about the properties of the circumstellar material around young and embedded intermidiate-mass T Tauri stars (IMTTSs). We present an analysis of the excitation and accretion properties of the young IMTTS DK Cha. The nearly face-on configuration of this source allows us to have direct access to the star-disk system through the excavated envelope and outflow cavity. Based on LR optical and IR spectroscopy obtained with SofI/EFOSC2 on the NTT we derive the spectrum of DK Cha from ~0.6 to 2.5 \mu m. From the detected lines we probe the conditions of the gas that emits the HI IR emission lines. In addition, we derive the mass accretion rate (Macc) from the relationships that connect the luminosity of the Br\gamma\ and Pa\beta\ lines with the accretion luminosity (Lacc). The observed optical/IR spectrum is extremely rich in forbidden and permitted atomic and molecular emission lines, which makes this source similar to very active low-mass T Tauri stars. Some of the permitted emission lines are identified as being excited by fluorescence. We derive Brackett decrements and compare them with different excitation mechanisms. The Pa\beta/Br\gamma\ ratio is consistent with optically thick emission in LTE at a temperature of ~3500 K, originated from a compact region of ~5 Rsun in size: but the line opacity decreases in the Br lines for high quantum numbers n_{up}. A good fit to the data is obtained assuming an expanding gas in LTE, with an electron density at the wind base of ~10^13 cm-3. In addition, we find that the observed Brackett ratios are very similar to those reported in previous studies of low-mass CTTSs and Class I sources, indicating that these ratios are not dependent on masses and ages. Finally, Lacc~9 Lsun and Macc~3x10-7 Msun/yr values were found.