The minimal 3-3-1 model with only two Higgs triplets

TL;DR

This paper simplifies the minimal 3-3-1 model by reducing the scalar sector to only two Higgs triplets, maintaining its phenomenological viability and making it more suitable for collider studies.

Contribution

It introduces a minimal 3-3-1 model with only two Higgs triplets, simplifying the scalar sector while preserving the model's ability to generate fermion masses and symmetry breaking.

Findings

Exact physical scalar spectrum derived.

Interactions involving scalars explicitly shown.

Model is more manageable for LHC phenomenology.

Abstract

The simplest non-abelian gauge extension of the electroweak standard model, the $SU(3)_c\otimes SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_N$, known as 3-3-1 model, has a minimal version which demands the least possible fermionic content to account for the whole established phenomenology for the well known particles and interactions. Nevertheless, in its original form the minimal 3-3-1 model was proposed with a set of three scalar triplets and one sextet in order to yield the spontaneous breaking of the gauge symmetry and generate the observed fermion masses. Such a huge scalar sector turns the task of clearly identifying the physical scalar spectrum a clumsy labor. It not only adds an obstacle for the development of its phenomenology but implies a scalar potential plagued with new free coupling constants. In this work we show that the framework of the minimal 3-3-1 model can be built with only two scalar triplets, but still triggering the desired pattern of spontaneous symmetry breaking and generating the correct fermion masses. We present the exact physical spectrum and also show all the interactions involving the scalars, obtaining a neat minimal 3-3-1 model far more suited for phenomenological studies at the current Large Hadron Collider.