Searching for star-forming galaxies in the Fornax and Hydra clusters

TL;DR

This study investigates star-forming dwarf galaxies in the Fornax and Hydra clusters using multi-wavelength observations, revealing their morphological types, chemical properties, and similarities to other known dwarf galaxy populations, supporting a closed box chemical evolution model.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed morphological, chemical, and physical analysis of star-forming dwarf galaxies in Fornax and Hydra clusters, expanding understanding beyond Virgo and the Local Volume.

Findings

Most star-forming dwarfs are dwarf irregulars or blue compact dwarfs.

Oxygen abundances range from 8.00 to 8.78, similar to other dwarf populations.

Properties follow the luminosity-metallicity relation consistent with the closed box model.

Abstract

The formation and evolution of dwarf galaxies is relatively difficult to understand because of their faint emission in all regimes that require large aperture telescopes. We intend to study the evolution of star forming dwarf galaxies in clusters. We selected Fornax and Hydra clusters to complement our previous study of Virgo. On the basis of available literature data, we selected ten star-forming candidates in Fornax and another ten objects in Hydra. We used Gemini South with GMOS to acquire H-alpha images necessary to detect star-forming regions in the two galaxy samples. We then performed long-slit spectroscopy for the brightest six candidates, to derive their chemical properties. Finally, we employed the VLT with HAWK-I to observe all galaxies in the K' band to derive their main physical properties. We studied the morphology of our two samples, finding five objects in Fornax and six in Hydra with structures consistent with those of star-forming dwarfs, i.e., dwarf irregulars (dIs) or blue compact dwarfs (BCDs). About four other objects are probably dwarf spirals, while three objects remained undetected in both visible and near infrared. On the basis of visible bright emission lines, we derived oxygen abundances for ten star-forming candidates with values between 8.00 and 8.78. Most fundamental properties of star-forming galaxies in Fornax and Hydra appear similar to corresponding properties of dIs and BCDs from Virgo and the Local Volume (LV). The luminosity-metallicity and metallicity-gas fraction relations in the LV and Virgo appear to be followed by Fornax and Hydra samples, suggesting that the chemical evolution of the two clusters seems consistent with the predictions from the closed box model, although larger samples are needed to investigate the role of possible environmental effects. (CONTINUED)