Universal mechanism of dissipation in Fermi superfluids at ultra low temperatures

TL;DR

This paper reveals a universal dissipation mechanism in Fermi superfluids at ultra-low temperatures, driven by vortex core heating and quasiparticle emission, explaining experimental observations of vortex dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a universal dissipation mechanism based on vortex core heating and quasiparticle emission, applicable at zero temperature in Fermi superfluids.

Findings

Vortex core heating leads to a universal dissipation limit.

Kelvin wave dispersion and cascade heat flow match experiments.

Estimated vortex core temperature is around 0.2 T_c.

Abstract

We show that the vortex dynamics in Fermi superfluids at ultra-low temperatures is governed by the local heating of the vortex cores creating the heat flux carried by non-equilibrium quasiparticles emitted by moving vortices. This mechanism provides a universal zero temperature limit of dissipation in Fermi superfluids. For the typical experimental conditions realized by the turbulent motion of $^3$He-B the temperature of vortex cores is estimated to be of the order $0.2 T_c$. The dispersion of Kelvin waves is derived and the heat flow generated by Kelvin cascade is shown to have the value close to the experimentally observed.