Deep Chandra Observations of Edges and Bubbles in the NGC 5846 Galaxy Group

TL;DR

This study uses deep Chandra X-ray observations to analyze gas dynamics, edges, and bubbles in the NGC 5846 galaxy group, revealing gas sloshing, AGN activity, and gas stripping phenomena.

Contribution

The paper provides detailed analysis of gas motions, cavities, and knots in NGC 5846, offering new insights into AGN feedback and galaxy interactions in the group environment.

Findings

Gas sloshing evidenced by spiral morphology and cold fronts.

Detection of inner and ghost bubbles associated with AGN activity.

Observation of gas stripping from NGC 5846A galaxy.

Abstract

We use a combined 120 ks Chandra exposure to analyze X-ray edges produced by non-hydrostatic gas motions (sloshing) from galaxy collisions, and cavities formed by AGN activity. Evidence for gas sloshing is seen in the spiral morphology and multiple cold front edges in NGC 5846's X-ray surface brightness distribution, while lack of spiral structure in the temperature map suggests the perturbing interaction was not in the plane of the sky. Density and spectral modeling across the edges indicate the relative motion of gas in the cold fronts is at most transonic. Evidence for AGN activity is seen in two inner bubbles at 0.6 kpc, filled with 5 GHz and 1.5 GHz radio plasma and coincident with Halpha emission, and in a ghost bubble at 5.2 kpc west of NGC 5846's nucleus. The outburst energy and ages for the inner (ghost) bubbles are ~10^{55} ergs and ~2 Myr (~ 5 x 10^{55} ergs and 12 Myr), respectively, implying an AGN duty cycle of 10 Myr. The inner bubble rims are threaded with 9 knots, whose total 0.5-2 keV X-ray luminosity is 0.3 x10^{40} ergs, a factor ~2-3 less than that of the surrounding rims, and 0.7 keV mean temperature is indistinguishable from that of the rims. We suggest that the knots may be transient clouds heated by the recent passage of a shock from the last AGN outburst. We also observe gas stripping from a cE galaxy, NGC 5846A, in a 0.5 kpc long (~10^5 Msolar) hot gas tail, as it falls towards NGC 5846.