A Spitzer-MIPS search for dust in compact high-velocity HI clouds

TL;DR

This study used Spitzer-MIPS observations to search for dust in compact high-velocity HI clouds near the Milky Way, finding no dust emission and suggesting some clouds have very low dust-to-gas ratios or are farther from the Galaxy.

Contribution

First direct search for dust in CHVCs using Spitzer-MIPS, providing constraints on dust content and properties of these clouds.

Findings

No dust emission detected in the observed CHVCs.

CHVC289 likely has a lower dust-to-gas ratio or is more distant than Complex C.

Some CHVCs may have very low dust content or be farther from the Galactic disk.

Abstract

We employ three-band Spitzer-MIPS observations to search for cold dust emission in three neutral hydrogen compact high-velocity clouds (CHVCs) in the vicinity of the Milky Way. Far-infrared emission correlated with HI column density was previously reported in HVC Complex C, indicating that this object contains dust heated by the Galactic radiation field at its distance of ~10kpc. Assuming published Spitzer, IRAS, and Planck IR-HI correlations for Complex C, our Spitzer observations are of sufficient depth to directly detect 160um dust emission in the CHVCs if it is present at the same level as in Complex C, but no emission is detected in any of the targets. For one of the targets (CHVC289) which has well-localized HI clumps, we therefore conclude that it is fundamentally different from Complex C, with either a lower dust-to-gas ratio or a greater distance from the Galactic disk (and consequently cooler dust temperature). Firm conclusions cannot be drawn for the other two Spitzer-observed CHVCs since their small-scale HI structures are not sufficiently well known; nonetheless, no extended dust emission is apparent despite their relatively high HI column densities. The lack of dust emission in CHVC289 suggests that at least some compact high-velocity clouds objects may exhibit very low dust-to-gas ratios and/or greater Galactocentric distances than large HVC complexes.