Spacetimes with Singularities

TL;DR

This paper develops a new mathematical framework for handling singularities in general relativity, enabling the extension of black hole solutions beyond singularities and preserving initial data in certain regions.

Contribution

Introduction of singular semi-Riemannian geometry allowing operations on degenerate metrics and reformulating Einstein's equations for singular spacetimes.

Findings

Extended Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordstrom solutions beyond singularities.

Constructed globally hyperbolic regions from extended black hole solutions.

Proposed models of non-primordial and evaporating black holes.

Abstract

We report on some advances made in the problem of singularities in general relativity. First is introduced the singular semi-Riemannian geometry for metrics which can change their signature (in particular be degenerate). The standard operations like covariant contraction, covariant derivative, and constructions like the Riemann curvature are usually prohibited by the fact that the metric is not invertible. The things become even worse at the points where the signature changes. We show that we can still do many of these operations, in a different framework which we propose. This allows the writing of an equivalent form of Einstein's equation, which works for degenerate metric too. Once we make the singularities manageable from mathematical viewpoint, we can extend analytically the black hole solutions and then choose from the maximal extensions globally hyperbolic regions. Then we find space-like foliations for these regions, with the implication that the initial data can be preserved in reasonable situations. We propose qualitative models of non-primordial and/or evaporating black holes. We supplement the material with a brief note reporting on progress made since this talk was given, which shows that we can analytically extend the Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordstrom metrics at and beyond the singularities, and the singularities can be made degenerate and handled with the mathematical apparatus we developed.