Dilepton production in pp and np collisions at 1.25 GeV

TL;DR

This study models dilepton production in proton-proton and neutron-proton collisions at 1.25 GeV, successfully explaining experimental data and highlighting the dominant role of the $ ext{Delta}(1232)$ resonance and additional mechanisms in neutron-proton collisions.

Contribution

The paper presents a comprehensive model that reproduces dilepton invariant mass distributions and identifies key resonance contributions, especially the $ ext{Delta}(1232)$, in $pp$ and $np$ collisions at 1.25 GeV.

Findings

The model accurately reproduces dilepton mass distributions in $pp$ collisions.

$ ext{Delta}(1232)$ resonance dominates dilepton production.

Additional mechanisms explain the excess in $np$ collision dilepton yields.

Abstract

The inclusive reactions $pp \rightarrow e^+ e^- X$ and $np \rightarrow e^+ e^- X$ at the laboratory kinetic energy of 1.25 GeV are investigated in a model of dominance of nucleon and $\Delta$ resonances. Experimental data for these reactions have recently been reported by the HADES Collaboration. In the original model, the dileptons are produced either from the decays of nucleon and $\Delta$ resonances $R \rightarrow N e^+ e^-$ or from the Dalitz decays of $\pi^0$- and $\eta$-mesons created in the $R \to N\pi^0$ and $R \to N\eta$ decays. We found that the distribution of dilepton invariant masses in the $pp \rightarrow e^+ e^- X$ reaction is well reproduced by the contributions of $R \rightarrow N e^+ e^-$ decays and $R \rightarrow N \pi^0$, $\pi^0 \to \gamma e^+e^-$ decays. Among the resonances, the predominant contribution comes from the $\Delta(1232)$, which determines both the direct decay channel $R \rightarrow N e^+ e^-$ and the pion decay channel. In the collisions $np \rightarrow e^+ e^- X$, additional significant contributions arise from the $\eta$-meson Dalitz decays, produced in the $np \rightarrow np\eta$ and $np \rightarrow d\eta$ reactions, the radiative capture $np \rightarrow d e^+ e^-$, and the $np \rightarrow np e^+ e^-$ bremsstrahlung. These mechanisms may partly explain the strong excess of dileptons in the cross section for collisions of $np$ versus $pp$, which ranges from 7 to 100 times for the dilepton invariant masses of 0.2 to 0.5 GeV.