Vector dark energy and high-z massive clusters

TL;DR

This paper explores how Vector Dark Energy models increase the likelihood of detecting massive galaxy clusters at high redshift, challenging standard cosmology expectations.

Contribution

It demonstrates through N-body simulations that Vector Dark Energy significantly raises the probability of observing massive high-z clusters compared to \\LCDM.

Findings

Enhanced detection probability of high-z massive clusters in VDE

Standard \\LCDM predicts less than 1% chance for such clusters

VDE framework aligns better with recent high-z cluster observations

Abstract

The detection of extremely massive clusters at $z>1$ such as SPT-CL J0546-5345, SPT-CL J2106-5844, and XMMU J2235.3-2557 has been considered by some authors as a challenge to the standard \LCDM$\;$cosmology. In fact,assuming Gaussian initial conditions, the theoretical expectation of detecting such objects is as low as $\leq 1%$. In this \textit{Letter} we discuss the probability of the existence of such objects in the light of the Vector Dark Energy (VDE) paradigm, showing by means of a series of $N$-body simulations that chances of detection are substantially enhanced in this non-standard framework.