The Instabilities of Bianchi Type IX Einstein Static Universes
John D. Barrow, Kei Yamamoto
TL;DR
This paper examines the stability of the Einstein static universe within Bianchi type IX models, revealing that it is unstable to homogeneous perturbations both forward and backward in time.
Contribution
It provides a stability analysis of the Einstein static universe in Bianchi type IX models considering both tilted and non-tilted fluids, highlighting its inherent instabilities.
Findings
The Einstein static universe is unstable to homogeneous perturbations in Bianchi type IX.
Instability occurs both in the future and past directions.
The presence of tilted fluids does not stabilize the universe.
Abstract
We investigate the stability of the Einstein static universe as a non-LRS Bianchi type IX solution of the Einstein equations in the presence of both non-tilted and tilted fluids. We find that the static universe is unstable to homogeneous perturbations of Bianchi type IX to the future and the past.
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