Photoelectric charging of dust grains in the environment of Young Stellar Objects

TL;DR

This paper investigates how dust grains in Young Stellar Object environments acquire charge through photoelectric effects, revealing that different UV spectra significantly influence charging processes and proposing a new analytical model for disk environments.

Contribution

It introduces a novel numerical simulation approach and a simple analytical model for dust grain charging in YSO environments, especially around T Tauri stars.

Findings

Different UV spectra produce distinct dust charging behaviors.

The photoelectric yield decreases exponentially with dust charge.

Two populations of photoelectrons are generated, affecting local chemistry.

Abstract

The evolution of disks around Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) is deeply affected by the YSOs ultraviolet (UV) radiation field especially in the 500-1100 \AA\ spectral range. The two dominant processes are; the photo-dissociation of H_2 molecules in the Werner and Lyman bands, and the emission of photo-electrons from dust grains when high energy photons are absorbed. Photo-electrons are an important source of gas heating. Dust grain charging when exposed to various possible UV fields in the YSOs environment is investigated. Numerical simulation of the evolution of photo-electrons in the electric field created by the charged dust grains are carried out to obtain a charging profile. From the simulations it appears that the different spectra produce significant quantitative and qualitative different charging processes. Both the UV background and the Ae-Herbig star radiation field produce a relatively slow charging of dust grains due to the low fraction of sufficiently energetic photons. The radiation field of T Tauri Stars (TTSs) is harder due to the release of magnetic energy in the dense magnetospheric environment. These numerical results have been used to propose a new simple analytical model for grain charging in the atmosphere of protostellar disks around TTSs susceptible to be used in any disk modeling. It has been found that the yield decreases exponentially with the dust charge and that two populations of photoelectrons are produced. The high energy population is susceptible of dissociating the H_2 and ionizing some low ionization potential species, such as the Mg. These results add an additional role to dust on the chemistry of the layers just below the H_2 photoionization front. This photoelectic yield has been applied to a simple evaluation of the dust charge in the atmospheres of accretion disks and a simple evaluation of the dust charge in the atmospheres of accretion disks.