Conceptual design of 20 T dipoles for high-energy LHC

TL;DR

This paper explores the conceptual design of 20 Tesla dipole magnets for the LHC, discussing technical challenges, superconductor choices, and cost estimates to enable higher energy particle acceleration.

Contribution

It presents a detailed conceptual design framework for 20 T dipole magnets, highlighting the technological challenges and potential solutions for future high-energy accelerators.

Findings

Current Nb-Ti technology can reach 15 T.

HTS conductors are essential for 20 T operation.

Cost estimates for the proposed magnet design.

Abstract

Availability of 20 T operational field dipole magnets would open the way for a 16.5 TeV beam energy accelerator in the LHC tunnel. Here we discuss the main issues related to the magnet design of this extremely challenging dipole: main constraints, superconductor choice, coil lay-out, iron, forces and stresses, and field quality. A tentative cost estimate is also given. The present technology, based on Nb-Ti and now near to be extended to Nb3Sn superconductor, would allow reaching 15 T operational field. To reach 20 T, HTS conductors capable to carry 400 A/mm2 at 15-20 T under transverse stress of 150-200 MPa are an essential element.