Standard Model with Partial Gauge Invariance

TL;DR

This paper proposes a modified Standard Model with partial gauge invariance, leading to spontaneous Lorentz invariance violation that could manifest at high energies, offering new physics signatures in astrophysics and particle experiments.

Contribution

It introduces a framework with partial gauge invariance in the Standard Model, resulting in spontaneous Lorentz violation and novel high-energy phenomena.

Findings

SLIV leads to Nambu-Goldstone modes for gauge fields

Distinctive Lorentz-violating effects are predicted at high energies

Potential detectability of SLIV effects in astrophysics and collider experiments

Abstract

We argue that an exact gauge invariance may disable some generic features of the Standard Model which could otherwise manifest themselves at high energies. One of them might be related to the spontaneous Lorentz invariance violation (SLIV) which could provide an alternative dynamical approach to QED and Yang-Mills theories with photon and non-Abelian gauge fields appearing as massless Nambu-Goldstone bosons. To see some key features of the new physics expected we propose partial rather than exact gauge invariance in an extended SM framework. This principle applied, in some minimal form, to the weak hypercharge gauge field B_{mu} and its interactions leads to SLIV with B field components appearing as the massless Nambu-Goldstone modes, and provides a number of distinctive Lorentz beaking effects. Being naturally suppressed at low energies they may become detectable in high energy physics and astrophysics. Some of the most interesting SLIV processes are considered in significant detail.