Treating dynamical stability as an observable: a 5:2 MMR configuration for the extrasolar system HD 181433

TL;DR

This paper models the HD 181433 system considering dynamical stability, revealing a stable 5:2 mean motion resonance between giants and potential habitability for a terrestrial planet.

Contribution

It introduces a method to incorporate dynamical stability as an observable in RV data analysis, identifying a stable 5:2 MMR configuration in HD 181433.

Findings

The system's stable configuration involves a 5:2 MMR between giants.

A terrestrial planet in the habitable zone can remain stable.

Dynamical stability constraints refine the system's orbital solutions.

Abstract

The three-planet extrasolar system of HD 181433 has been detected with HARPS. The best-fit solution, announced by the discovery team, describes a highly unstable, self-disrupting configuration. In fact, a narrow observational window, only partially covering the longest orbital period, can lead to solutions representing unrealistic scenarios. Taking into account the dynamical stability as an additional observable while interpreting the RV data, we can analyse the phase space in a neighbourhood of the statistically best-fit and derive dynamically stable configurations that reproduce the observed RV signal. Our Newtonian stable best-fit model is capable of surviving for at least 250 Myrs. The two giant companions are found to be locked in the 5:2 MMR as Jupiter and Saturn in the Solar System. This mechanism does not allow close encounters even in case of highly eccentric orbits. Moreover, planets c and d are located in regions spanned by many other strong low-order MMRs. We study the dynamics of some plausible scenarios and we illustrate the behaviours caused by secular apsidal resonances and mean motion resonances. Furthermore, we find a terrestrial planet in the habitable zone of HD 181433 can retain stability. Apart from filling an empty gap in the system, this body could offer a harbour for life indeed. Additional measurements are necessary in order to investigate this hypothesis and can confirm the predictions outlined in the paper.