Rogue waters

TL;DR

This paper reviews the phenomenon of rogue waves in the ocean, exploring their physical mechanisms, conditions for formation, and potential applicability of these mechanisms to other media, highlighting their significance for maritime safety.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the physical processes behind rogue wave formation, emphasizing nonlinear effects and their broader relevance beyond oceanography.

Findings

Nonlinear effects can cause rogue waves under specific sea conditions.

Rogue wave mechanisms may be applicable to other physical media.

Conventional models often fail to predict rogue waves accurately.

Abstract

In this essay we give an overview on the problem of rogue or freak wave formation in the ocean. The matter of the phenomenon is a sporadic occurrence of unexpectedly high waves on the sea surface. These waves cause serious danger for sailing and sea use. A number of huge wave accidents resulted in damages, ship losses and people injuries and deaths are known. Now marine researchers do believe that these waves belong to a specific kind of sea waves, not taken into account by conventional models for sea wind waves. This paper addresses to the nature of the rogue wave problem from the general viewpoint based on the wave process ideas. We start introducing some primitive elements of sea wave physics with the purpose to pave the way for the further discussion. We discuss linear physical mechanisms which are responsible for high wave formation, at first. Then, we proceed with description of different sea conditions, starting from the open deep sea, and approaching the sea cost. Nonlinear effects which are able to cause rogue waves are emphasised. In conclusion we briefly discuss the generality of the physical mechanisms suggested for the rogue wave explanation; they are valid for rogue wave phenomena in other media such as solid matters, superconductors, plasmas and nonlinear optics