Nanocoolers

TL;DR

This paper introduces a simple classical kinematic model of a non-equilibrium device that can function as a heat engine or refrigerator, analyzing conditions for optimal efficiency near Carnot's limit.

Contribution

It presents a novel deterministic classical model for non-equilibrium thermodynamic devices operating between heat baths, exploring efficiency limits and operational modes.

Findings

Model can operate as heat engine or refrigerator.

Conditions for approaching Carnot efficiency are identified.

Provides a framework for analyzing classical non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

Abstract

We present a simple kinematic model of a non-equilibrium steady state device, which can operate either as a heat engine or as a refrigerator. The model is composed of two or more scattering channels where the motion is fully described by deterministic classical dynamics, which connect a pair of stochastic (infinite) heat and particle baths at unequal temperatures. We discuss precise kinematic conditions under which our model may approach Carnot's optimal efficiency in different situations.