Probing oppositely charged surfactant and copolymer interactions by isothermal titration microcalorimetry

TL;DR

This study uses isothermal titration calorimetry to explore the thermodynamics of interactions between charged copolymers and oppositely charged surfactants, revealing entropy-driven complex formation and structural reorganization depending on mixing order.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the thermodynamic mechanisms and structural evolution of charged copolymer-surfactant complexes using ITC, highlighting the influence of mixing order and charge ratio.

Findings

Electrostatic co-assembly is endothermic, entropy-driven.

Complex structures depend on charge ratio and mixing order.

Overcharging occurs beyond charge compensation in complexes.

Abstract

The complexation between charged-neutral block copolymers and oppositely charged surfactants was investigated by light scattering experiments and by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The copolymer was poly(sodium acrylate)-b-poly(acrylamide) and the surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB). In a previous report, we had shown that the copolymers and the surfactants co-assembled spontaneously into colloidal complexes. Depending of the charge ratio Z = [DTA+]/[COO-], the complexes were either single surfactant micelles decorated by copolymers, or core-shell hierarchical structures. ITC was performed in order to investigate the thermodynamics of the complex formation. Titrations of copolymers by surfactants and of surfactants by copolymers revealed that the electrostatic co-assembly was an endothermic reaction, suggesting a process dominated by the entropy of the counterions. Here we found that the thermodynamic quantities associated with the reaction depended on the mixing order. When surfactants were added stepwise to copolymers, the titration was associated with the formation of single micelles decorated by a unique polymer. Above a critical charge ratio, the micelles rearranged themselves into 100 nm colloidal complexes in a collective process which displayed the following features : i) the process was very slow as compared to the timescale of Brownian diffusion, ii) the thermodynamic signature was a endothermic peak and iii) the stoichiometry between the positive and negative charges was modified from n = 0.48 (single micelles) to 0.75 (core-shell complexes). The amount of polyelectrolytes needed for the complex formation exceeded the number required to compensate the net micellar charge, confirming the evidence of overcharging in the complex formation.