How Close Are We To Detecting Earth-like Planets in the Habitable Zone Using the Radial Velocity Technique?

TL;DR

This paper evaluates the current capabilities and limitations of the radial velocity technique in detecting Earth-like planets in habitable zones, analyzing uncertainties and optimal observational strategies.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of uncertainties affecting RV measurements and predicts optimal observational bandpasses for different stellar types.

Findings

Identifies key sources of measurement uncertainty.

Predicts optimal bandpasses for various stellar types.

Assesses current RV precision against Earth-like planet signals.

Abstract

Discovering an Earth-like exoplanet in habitable zone is an important milestone for astronomers in search of extra-terrestrial life. While the radial velocity (RV) technique remains one the most powerful tools in detecting and characterizing exo-planetary sys- tems, we calculate the uncertainties in precision RV measurements considering stellar spectral quality factors, RV calibration sources, stellar noise and telluric contamination in different observational bandpasses and for different spectral types. We predict the optimal observational bandpass for different spectral types using the RV technique un- der a variety of conditions. We compare the RV signal of an Earth-like planet in the habitable zone (HZ) to the near future state of the art RV precision and attempt to answer the question: How close are we to detecting Earth-like planet in the HZ using the RV technique?