Gas density and star formation in the rarified regions of discs of normal and LSB galaxies

TL;DR

This study investigates the relationship between gas density and star formation in the outer regions of normal and low surface brightness galaxies, revealing similar star formation conditions across different galaxy types.

Contribution

It introduces a unified analysis of gas density and star formation efficiency in both HSB and LSB galaxies, highlighting a common star formation law in their outer discs.

Findings

Star formation conditions are similar in outer discs of normal and LSB galaxies.

Star formation efficiency correlates with stellar density following a square root law.

In very low-density regions, star formation efficiency depends more on local fluctuations than on average densities.

Abstract

We calculated the radial profiles of the azimuthally averaged midplane gas volume density $\rho_g$ for 11 high surface brightness (HSB) spiral galaxies, 7 low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies and 3 S0 galaxies assuming their gaseous layers to be in the equilibrium state in the plane of marginally stable stellar discs. We compared the surface star formation rate ($\Sigma_{SFR}$) and star formation efficiency ($SFE=\Sigma_{SFR}/\Sigma_{gas}$) with $\rho_g$ and stellar surface density $\Sigma_s$ assuming the latter to be proportional to disc surface brightness. Both HSB and LSB galaxies follow a single sequence $\Sigma_{SFR}-\rho_{g}$ and $SFE-\Sigma_s$ or $SFE-\rho_s$. It means that the conditions of star formation are similar in the outer discs of normal spiral galaxies and in the inner regions of LSB galaxies if their stellar discs have similar densities. The relationship between $SFE$ and $\rho_s$ is close to the law $SFE$ $\sim \rho_s^{1/2}$ expected in the theoretical model of self-regulated star formation proposed by Ostriker et al.\cite{OstrikerAll10}. The alternative explanation is to propose that $SFE$ is proportional to a frequency of vertical oscillation of gas clouds around the disc midplane. In the most rarified regions of LSB galaxies the efficiency of star formation is nearly independent on gas and stellar disc densities being higher in the mean than it is expected from the extrapolation of the power law fit for HSB sample galaxies. Evidently in these regions with extremely low $\rho_{g}$ SFE depends on local density fluctuations rather than on the azimuthally averaged disc parameters.