The Galactic evolution of phosphorus
E. Caffau (1,2), P. Bonifacio (2), R. Faraggiana (3), M. Steffen (4,2), ((1) ZAH, LSW, (2) GEPI-Obs. Paris, (3) Univ. Trieste, (4), Leibniz Institut, fuer Astrophysik, Potsdam)

TL;DR
This study measures phosphorus abundances in cool stars to understand its galactic chemical evolution, revealing a steeper increase in P/Fe ratios than models predict and suggesting alternative production processes.
Contribution
First measurement of phosphorus in a sample of cool stars using infrared spectroscopy, providing new insights into its galactic evolution and challenging existing models.
Findings
P/Fe ratio increases more steeply than models predict.
P/Si and P/Al ratios suggest production processes insensitive to neutron excess.
No difference observed between stars with and without planets.
Abstract
As a galaxy evolves, its chemical composition changes and the abundance ratios of different elements are powerful probes of the underlying evolutionary processes. Phosphorous is an element whose evolution has remained quite elusive until now, because it is difficult to detect in cool stars. The infrared weak P I lines of the multiplet 1, at 1050-1082 nm, are the most reliable indicators of the presence of phosphorus. The availability of CRIRES at VLT has permitted access to this wavelength range in stellar spectra.We attempt to measure the phosphorus abundance of twenty cool stars in the Galactic disk. The spectra are analysed with one-dimensional model-atmospheres computed in Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE). The line formation computations are performed assuming LTE. The ratio of phosphorus to iron behaves similarly to sulphur, increasing towards lower metallicity stars. Its…
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