A quantum hydrodynamics approach to the formation of new types of waves in polarized two-dimension systems of charged and neutral particles

TL;DR

This paper develops a quantum hydrodynamics method based on the Schrödinger equation to study wave formation and dispersion in polarized two-dimensional systems of charged and neutral particles, revealing new wave types and behaviors.

Contribution

The paper introduces a quantum hydrodynamics approach applicable to various dimensions, accounting for electric dipole moments, and analyzes wave dispersion and formation in polarized particle systems.

Findings

New types of waves are formed due to polarization dynamics.

Wave dispersion characteristics are altered in polarized systems.

Generation of waves in 3D neutral particles with EDM is demonstrated.

Abstract

In this paper we explicate a method of quantum hydrodynamics (QHD) for the study of the quantum evolution of a system of polarized particles. Though we focused primarily on the two-dimension physical systems, the method is valid for three-dimension and one-dimension systems too. The presented method is based upon the Schr\"{o}dinger equation. Fundamental QHD equations for charged and neutral particles were derived from the many-particle microscopic Schr\"{o}dinger equation. The fact that particles possess the electric dipole moment (EDM) was taken into account. The explicated QHD approach was used to study dispersion characteristics of various physical systems. We analyzed dispersion of waves in a two-dimension (2D) ion and hole gas placed into an external electric field which is orthogonal to the gas plane. Elementary excitations in a system of neutral polarized particles were studied for 1D, 2D and 3D cases. The polarization dynamics in systems of both neutral and charged particles is shown to cause formation of a new type of waves as well as changes in the dispersion characteristics of already known waves. We also analyzed wave dispersion in 2D exciton systems, in 2D electron-ion plasma and 2D electron-hole plasma. Generation of waves in 3D system neutral particles with EDM by means of the beam of electrons and neutral polarized particles is investigated.