Is the post-AGB star SAO 40039 mildly H-deficient?

TL;DR

This study investigates whether the post-AGB star SAO 40039 is mildly hydrogen-deficient by analyzing high-resolution spectra and modeling its atmospheric composition, revealing a near-unity He/H ratio and signs of dust-gas depletion.

Contribution

The paper provides the first detailed LTE abundance analysis of SAO 40039, confirming its mild H-deficiency and characterizing its chemical peculiarities with new spectroscopic evidence.

Findings

SAO 40039 has a He/H ratio of approximately unity.

The star shows mild dust-gas depletion in its atmosphere.

It is moderately metal-deficient with [Fe/H] around -0.4 dex.

Abstract

We have conducted an LTE abundance analysis for SAO 40039 a warm post-AGB star whose spectrum is known to show surprisingly strong He I lines for its effective temperature and has been suspected of being H-deficient and He-rich. High-resolution optical spectra are analyzed using a family of model atmospheres with different He/H ratios. Atmospheric parameters are estimated from the ionization equilibrium set by neutral and singly ionized species of Fe and Mg, the excitation of Fe I and Fe II lines and the wings of the Paschen lines. On the assumption that the He I lines are of photospheric and not chromospheric in origin, a He/H ratio of approximately unity is found by imposing the condition that the adopted He/H ratio of the model atmosphere must equal the ratio derived from the observed He I triplet lines at 5876, 4471 and 4713 Angstrom, and singlet lines at 4922 and 5015 Angstrom. Using the model with the best-fitting atmospheric parameters for this He/H ratio, SAO 40039 is confirmed to exhibit mild dust-gas depletion, i.e., the star has an atmosphere deficient in elements of high condensation temperature. The star appears to be moderately metal-deficient with [Fe/H]=-0.4 dex. But the star's intrinsic metallicty as estimated from Na, S and Zn, elements of a low condensation temperature, is [Fe/H]_o {[Fe/H]_o refers to the star's intrinsic metallicity} ~ -0.2. The star is enriched in N and perhaps O too, changes reflecting the star's AGB past and the event that led to He enrichment.