Topological phases for bound states moving in a finite volume

TL;DR

This paper reveals that bound states in finite periodic volumes experience topological energy corrections that are universal and encode information about their constituents, with broad implications for lattice calculations.

Contribution

The study introduces a universal topological correction to the energy of moving bound states in finite volumes, supported by analytical and numerical evidence.

Findings

Energy corrections are topological and universal.

Corrections encode information about constituents.

Numerical lattice calculations verify analytical results.

Abstract

We show that bound states moving in a finite periodic volume have an energy correction which is topological in origin and universal in character. The topological volume corrections contain information about the number and mass of the constituents of the bound states. These results have broad applications to lattice calculations involving nucleons, nuclei, hadronic molecules, and cold atoms. We illustrate and verify the analytical results with several numerical lattice calculations.