Cosmographic Degeneracy

TL;DR

This paper explores how degeneracies among cosmological parameters like dark energy, matter density, and curvature affect our ability to determine the universe's composition using distance measurements, emphasizing the need for multiple data types.

Contribution

It demonstrates the extent of parameter degeneracies in cosmological models and highlights the importance of combining various observational data to break these degeneracies.

Findings

Distance measurements alone allow wide parameter variations.

Adding growth of structure constraints reduces but does not eliminate degeneracies.

Combining multiple data types is crucial for robust cosmological model determination.

Abstract

We examine the dark energy and matter densities allowed by precision measurements of distances out to various redshifts, in the presence of spatial curvature and (near) arbitrary behavior of the dark energy equation of state. Degeneracies among the parameters permit a remarkably large variation in their values when using only distance measurements of the late time universe and making no assumptions about the dark energy or curvature. Going beyond distance measurements to a lower limit on the growth of structure bounds the allowed region significantly but still leaves considerable freedom to match a flat LCDM model with dark energy very different from a cosmological constant. The combination of distances with Hubble parameter, gravitational lensing or other large scale structure data is essential to determining robustly the cosmological model.