Probing the near-IR flux excess in young star clusters

TL;DR

This study investigates the near-infrared flux excess in young star clusters within luminous blue compact galaxies, revealing a significant flux anomaly in clusters younger than 10 Myr that current models cannot explain.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of near-IR excess in young star clusters across multiple galaxies, highlighting the limitations of existing spectral models.

Findings

30-50% of young clusters show near-IR flux excess

The excess is observed between 0.8 and 2.2 microns

Current spectral models cannot reproduce the observed NIR excess

Abstract

We report the results of a recent study of young star clusters (YSCs) in luminous blue compact galaxies (BCGs). The age distributions of the YSCs suggest that the starburst episode in Haro 11, ESO 185-IG13, and Mrk 930 started not more than 30-40 Myr ago. A peak of cluster formation only 3 - 4 Myr old is observed, unveiling a unique sample of clusters still partially embedded. A considerable fraction of clusters (30 - 50%), mainly younger than 10 Myr, shows an observed flux excess between 0.8 and 2.2 micron. This so-called near-infrared (NIR) excess is impossible to reproduce even with the most recent spectral synthesis models (that include a self-consistent treatment of the photoionized gas). We have used these YSCs to probe the very early evolution phase of star clusters. In all the three host galaxies, the analysis is limited to the optically brightest objects, i.e., systems that are only partially embedded by their natal cocoons (since deeply embedded clusters are probably too faint to be detected). We discuss possible explanations for this NIR excess, in the context of IR studies of both extragalactic young star clusters and resolved massive star forming regions in the Milky Way and in the nearby Magellanic Clouds.