A CLT for Information-theoretic statistics of Non-centered Gram random matrices

TL;DR

This paper proves a Central Limit Theorem for the fluctuations of the mutual information of non-centered Gram random matrices, revealing Gaussian behavior and dependence on matrix entry moments, with applications in wireless communications.

Contribution

It extends previous CLT results to non-centered matrices, addressing specific challenges and deriving the Gaussian limit for the mutual information fluctuations.

Findings

The mutual information fluctuations follow a Gaussian distribution after proper rescaling.

The variance depends on the second and fourth moments of the matrix entries.

The results apply to large-dimensional non-centered Gram matrices in wireless communication models.

Abstract

In this article, we study the fluctuations of the random variable: $$ {\mathcal I}_n(\rho) = \frac 1N \log\det(\Sigma_n \Sigma_n^* + \rho I_N),\quad (\rho>0) $$ where $\Sigma_n= n^{-1/2} D_n^{1/2} X_n\tilde D_n^{1/2} +A_n$, as the dimensions of the matrices go to infinity at the same pace. Matrices $X_n$ and $A_n$ are respectively random and deterministic $N\times n$ matrices; matrices $D_n$ and $\tilde D_n$ are deterministic and diagonal, with respective dimensions $N\times N$ and $n\times n$; matrix $X_n=(X_{ij})$ has centered, independent and identically distributed entries with unit variance, either real or complex. We prove that when centered and properly rescaled, the random variable ${\mathcal I}_n(\rho)$ satisfies a Central Limit Theorem and has a Gaussian limit. The variance of ${\mathcal I}_n(\rho)$ depends on the moment $\E X_{ij}^2$ of the variables $X_{ij}$ and also on its fourth cumulant $\kappa= \E|X_{ij}|^4 - 2 - |\E X_{ij}^2|^2$. The main motivation comes from the field of wireless communications, where ${\mathcal I}_n(\rho)$ represents the mutual information of a multiple antenna radio channel. This article closely follows the companion article "A CLT for Information-theoretic statistics of Gram random matrices with a given variance profile", {\em Ann. Appl. Probab. (2008)} by Hachem et al., however the study of the fluctuations associated to non-centered large random matrices raises specific issues, which are addressed here.