Superfluid/ferromagnet/superfluid-junction and $\pi$-phase in a superfluid Fermi gas at finite temperatures

TL;DR

This paper studies the stability of the $ ext{pi}$-phase in a polarized superfluid Fermi gas at finite temperatures, showing it remains stable up to a certain temperature, making it experimentally observable.

Contribution

It extends previous zero-temperature analysis of the $ ext{pi}$-phase to finite temperatures using mean-field theory, demonstrating its stability and experimental feasibility.

Findings

The $ ext{pi}$-phase remains stable at finite temperatures.

A transition from $ ext{pi}$-phase to 0-phase occurs at a specific temperature.

The $ ext{pi}$-phase is experimentally accessible in cold Fermi gases.

Abstract

We investigate the stability of $\pi$-phase in a polarized superfluid Fermi gas ($N_\uparrow>N_\downarrow$, where $N_\sigma$ is the number of atoms in the hyperfine state described by pseudospin-$\sigma$). In our previous paper [T. Kashimura, S. Tsuchiya, and Y. Ohashi, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 82}, 033617 (2010)], we showed that excess atoms ($\Delta N=N_\uparrow-N_\downarrow$) localized around a potential barrier embedded in the system induces the $\pi$-phase at T=0, where the phase of superfluid order parameter differ by $\pi$ across the junction. In this paper, we extend our previous work to include temperature effects within the mean-field theory. We show that the $\pi$-phase is stable even at finite temperatures, although transition from the $\pi$-phase to 0-phase eventually occurs at a certain temperature. Our results indicate that the $\pi$-phase is experimentally accessible in cold Fermi gases.