Black Hole Masses are Quantized

TL;DR

This paper argues that black hole and classicalon masses are inherently quantized due to fundamental quantum field theory principles, with implications for their production and detection at high-energy colliders like the LHC.

Contribution

It provides a universal, Poincare-invariance-based proof that black hole and classicalon masses must be quantized, independent of geometric or short-distance physics details.

Findings

Black hole masses are quantized due to fundamental quantum principles.

Black holes cannot emit or absorb arbitrarily soft quanta.

Produced black holes are quantum resonances with discrete mass levels.

Abstract

We give a simple argument showing that in any sensible quantum field theory the masses of black holes cannot assume continuous values and must be quantized. Our proof solely relies on Poincare-invariance of the asymptotic background, and is insensitive to geometric characteristics of black holes or other peculiarities of the short distance physics. Therefore, our results are equally-applicable to any other localized objects on asymptotically Poincare-invariant space, such as classicalons. By adding a requirement that in large mass limit the quantization must approximately account for classical results, we derive an universal quantization rule applicable to all classicalons (including black holes) in arbitrary number of dimensions. In particular, this implies, that black holes cannot emit/absorb arbitrarily soft quanta. The effect has phenomenological model-independent implications for black holes and other classicalons that may be created at LHC. We predict, that contrary to naive intuition, the black holes and/or classicalons, will be produced in form of fully-fledged quantum resonances of discrete masses, with the level-spacing controlled by the inverse square-root of cross-section.