The Instability Transition for the Restricted 3-Body Problem. III. The Lyapunov Exponent Criterion

TL;DR

This paper introduces a Lyapunov exponent-based criterion for assessing planetary orbit stability in binary star systems within the circular restricted 3-body problem, linking chaos theory to orbital dynamics.

Contribution

It develops and verifies a new stability criterion using Lyapunov exponents and power spectra, applicable to binary star systems and potentially extendable to more general cases.

Findings

Lyapunov exponents indicate chaotic behavior correlates with orbital stability or instability.

The maximum Lyapunov exponent effectively predicts orbital chaos in the CR3BP.

Stability depends on the binary mass ratio and initial planetary distance.

Abstract

We establish a criterion for the stability of planetary orbits in stellar binary systems by using Lyapunov exponents and power spectra for the special case of the circular restricted 3-body problem (CR3BP). The centerpiece of our method is the concept of Lyapunov exponents, which are incorporated into the analysis of orbital stability by integrating the Jacobian of the CR3BP and orthogonalizing the tangent vectors via a well-established algorithm originally developed by Wolf et al. The criterion for orbital stability based on the Lyapunov exponents is independently verified by using power spectra. The obtained results are compared to results presented in the two previous papers of this series. It is shown that the maximum Lyapunov exponent can be used as an indicator for chaotic behaviour of planetary orbits, which is consistent with previous applications of this method, particularly studies for the Solar System. The chaotic behaviour corresponds to either orbital stability or instability, and it depends solely on the mass ratio of the binary components and the initial distance ratio of the planet relative to the stellar separation distance. Our theoretical results allow us to link the study of planetary orbital stability to chaos theory noting that there is a large array of literature on the properties and significance of Lyapunov exponents. Although our results are given for the special case of the CR3BP, we expect that it may be possible to augment the proposed Lyapunov exponent criterion to studies of planets in generalized stellar binary systems, which is strongly motivated by existing observational results as well as results expected from ongoing and future planet search missions.