Differential energy measurement between He- and Li-like uranium intra-shell transitions

TL;DR

This study accurately measured the intra-shell transition energies of He-like uranium and compared them with Li-like uranium using differential X-ray spectroscopy at ESR, reducing systematic uncertainties and testing quantum electrodynamics predictions.

Contribution

First precise differential measurement of intra-shell transition energies in He- and Li-like uranium, minimizing systematic errors and enabling direct comparison with theoretical models.

Findings

Measured He-like uranium transition at 4510 eV

Measured Li-like uranium transition at 4460 eV

Reduced systematic uncertainties in energy measurement

Abstract

We present the first clear identification and highly accurate measurement of the intra-shell transition $1s2p\, ^3P_2 \to 1s2s\, ^3S_1$ of He-like uranium performed via X-ray spectroscopy. The present experiment has been conducted at the gas-jet target of the ESR storage ring in GSI (Darmstadt, Germany) where a Bragg spectrometer, with a bent germanium crystal, and a Ge(i) detector were mounted. Using the ESR deceleration capabilities, we performed a differential measurement between the $1s2p\, ^3P_2 \to 1s2s\, ^3S_1$ He-like U transition energy, at 4510 eV, and the $1s^22p\ ^2P_{3/2} \to 1s^22s\, ^2S_{1/2}$ Li-like U transition energy, at 4460 eV. By a proper choice of the ion velocities, the X-ray energies from the He- and Li-like ions could be measured, in the laboratory frame, at the same photon energy. This allowed for a drastic reduction of the experimental systematic uncertainties, principally due to the Doppler effect, and for a comparison with the theory without the uncertainties arising from one-photon QED predictions and nuclear size corrections.