Notes on Ding-Iohara algebra and AGT conjecture

TL;DR

This paper explores the representation theory of Ding-Iohara algebra to establish $q$-analogues of AGT relations, introducing new operators and conjectures that connect algebraic structures with partition functions.

Contribution

It introduces the endomorphism $T(u,v)$ and vertex operators in Ding-Iohara algebra, providing explicit results at level one and conjectures for higher levels related to $q$-AGT relations.

Findings

Matrix elements of vertex operators factorize at level one

Connections between algebraic structures and Nekrasov factors

Conjectures for $q$-analogues of AGT relations at higher levels

Abstract

We study the representation theory of the Ding-Iohara algebra $\calU$ to find $q$-analogues of the Alday-Gaiotto-Tachikawa (AGT) relations. We introduce the endomorphism $T(u,v)$ of the Ding-Iohara algebra, having two parameters $u$ and $v$. We define the vertex operator $\Phi(w)$ by specifying the permutation relations with the Ding-Iohara generators $x^\pm(z)$ and $\psi^\pm(z)$ in terms of $T(u,v)$. For the level one representation, all the matrix elements of the vertex operators with respect to the Macdonald polynomials are factorized and written in terms of the Nekrasov factors for the $K$-theoretic partition functions as in the AGT relations. For higher levels $m=2,3,...$, we present some conjectures, which imply the existence of the $q$-analogues of the AGT relations.