On the alignment between the circumstellar disks and orbital planes of Herbig Ae/Be binary systems

TL;DR

This study investigates the orientation relationship between binary orbits and circumstellar disks in Herbig Ae/Be stars, providing evidence that these disks and binary systems are likely co-planar, supporting a specific star formation scenario.

Contribution

It demonstrates that spectropolarimetric observations reliably trace circumstellar disks and shows that Herbig Ae/Be binary systems and their disks are likely co-planar, supporting a monolithic collapse formation model.

Findings

Spectropolarimetric signatures trace circumstellar disks with high significance.

HAe/Be binary systems and disks are likely co-planar, rejecting random orientations.

Results support formation via monolithic collapse and disk fragmentation.

Abstract

The majority of the pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be stars reside in binary systems. As these systems are young, their properties may contain an imprint of the star formation process at intermediate masses. However, these systems are generally spatially unresolved, making it difficult to probe their circumstellar environment to search for manifestations of their formation process, such as accretion disks. Here we investigate the formation mechanism of Herbig Ae/Be (HAe/Be) binary systems by studying the relative orientation of their binary orbits and circumstellar disks. We present linear spectropolarimetric observations of HAe/Be stars over the Halpha line, which are used to determine the orientation of their circumstellar disks. In conjunction with data from the literature, we obtain a sample of 20 binaries with known disk position angles (PAs). We compare our disk PA data to a model to investigate whether HAe/Be binary systems and their disks are co-planar. Moreover, in the light of a recent suggestion that some HAe/Be star spectropolarimetric signatures may not necessarily be related to circumstellar disks, we re-assess the relationship between spectropolarimetric signatures and disk PAs. We do this by comparing spectropolarimetric and high spatial resolution observations of young stellar objects. We find that spectropolarimetric observations of pre-main-sequence stars do trace circumstellar disks. This finding is significant above the 3 sigma level. Using this result, our data are entirely consistent with the situation in which HAe/Be binary systems and circumstellar disks are co-planar, while random orientations can be rejected at the 2.2 sigma level. We conclude that HAe/Be binary systems and the disks around the primaries are likely to be co-planar, which is consistent with the notion that these systems form via monolithic collapse and subsequent disk fragmentation (abridged).