Spectra of helium clusters with up to six atoms using soft core potentials

TL;DR

This study calculates the spectra of helium clusters with up to six atoms using a soft core potential, revealing universal energy relations and bound state structures.

Contribution

It introduces a simplified model with a Gaussian potential and a three-body force to accurately compute helium cluster spectra up to six atoms.

Findings

Helium clusters with 4-6 atoms have two bound states each.

Universal energy relations are established between different cluster sizes.

The model reproduces known trimer energies and predicts cluster spectra.

Abstract

In this work we investigate small clusters of helium atoms using the hyperspherical harmonic basis. We consider systems with $A=2,3,4,5,6$ atoms with an inter-particle potential which does not present a strong repulsion at short distances. We use an attractive gaussian potential that reproduces the values of the dimer binding energy, the atom-atom scattering length, and the effective range obtained with one of the widely used He-He interactions, the LM2M2 potential. In systems with more than two atoms we consider a repulsive three-body force that, by construction, reproduces the trimer binding energy of the LM2M2 potential. With this model, consisting in the sum of a two- and three-body potential, we have calculated the spectrum of clusters formed by four, five and six helium atoms. We have found that these systems present two bound states, one deep and one shallow close to the threshold fixed by the energy of the $(A-1)$-atom system. Universal relations between the energies of the excited state of the $A$-atom system and the ground state energy of the $(A-1)$-atom system are extracted as well as the ratio between the ground state of the $A$-atom system and the ground state energy of the trimer.