Carrier-envelope phase sensitive inversion in two-level systems

TL;DR

This paper investigates how the carrier-envelope phase influences inversion in two-level quantum systems when excited by ultrashort pulses, proposing new methods to detect phase variations.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical framework for phase-sensitive inversion in two-level systems, including invariance properties and analytical solutions for different excitation regimes.

Findings

Inversion depends on carrier-envelope phase in two-level systems.

Analytical expressions derived for weak fields and strong dephasing.

Phase-sensitive inversion can be used for carrier-envelope phase detection.

Abstract

We theoretically study the carrier-envelope phase dependent inversion generated in a two-level system by excitation with a few-cycle pulse. Based on the invariance of the inversion under time reversal of the exciting field, parameters are introduced to characterize the phase sensitivity of the induced inversion. Linear and nonlinear phase effects are numerically studied for rectangular and sinc-shaped pulses. Furthermore, analytical results are obtained in the limits of weak fields as well as strong dephasing, and by nearly degenerate perturbation theory for sinusoidal excitation. The results show that the phase sensitive inversion in the ideal two-level system is a promising route for constructing carrier-envelope phase detectors.