The temperature of hot gas halos of early-type galaxies

TL;DR

This study analyzes the temperature of hot gas halos in early-type galaxies, linking observed temperatures to galaxy structure, supernova heating, and gravitational effects, revealing complex gas flow behaviors and heating mechanisms.

Contribution

It provides a detailed investigation of the origins of hot gas temperatures in early-type galaxies, incorporating new Chandra data and examining the roles of supernovae and gravitational potential.

Findings

Temperatures are close to outflow averages at sigma_c<200 km/s.

At 200<sigma_c<250 km/s, temperatures are lower and less correlated with sigma_c.

At higher sigma_c, temperatures may increase with sigma_c^2, indicating infall heating.

Abstract

Recently, the temperature T and luminosity L_X of the hot gas halos of early type galaxies have been derived with unprecedented accuracy from Chandra data, for 30 galaxies covering a wider range of galactic luminosity (and central velocity dispersion sigma_c) than before. This work investigates the origin of the observed temperatures, by examining the relationship between them and the galaxy structure, the gas heating due to Type Ia supernovae (SNIa's) and the gravitational potential, and the dynamical status of the gas flow. In galaxies with sigma_c<200 km/s, the T's are close to a fiducial average temperature for the gas when in outflow; at 200<sigma_c (km/s)<250, the T's are generally lower than this, and unrelated with sigma_c, which requires a more complex gas flow status; at larger sigma_c, the T's may increase as sigma_c^2, as expected for infall heating, though heating from SNIa's, independent of sigma_c, should be dominant. All observed T's are larger than the virial temperature, by up to ~0.5 keV. This additional heating can be provided in the X-ray brightest galaxies by SNIa's and infall heating, with a SNIa's energy input even lower than in standard assumptions; in the X-ray fainter ones it can be provided by SNIa's, whose energy input would be required close to the full standard value at the largest sigma_c. This same energy input, though, would produce temperatures larger than observed at low sigma_c, if entirely thermalized. The values of the observed T's increase from outflows to inflows; the gas is relatively hotter in outflows, though, if the T's are rescaled by the virial temperature. For 200<sigma_c(km/s)<250, lower L_X values tend to correspond to lower T's, which deserves further investigation.