Concerning the Phases of Annual Variations of Nuclear Decay Rates

TL;DR

This paper investigates annual variations in nuclear decay rates, proposing a solar influence modulated by a North-South asymmetry in solar emission, which explains observed phase differences and identifies forbidden phases.

Contribution

It introduces a hypothesis involving solar radiation asymmetry affecting decay rates and explains the observed phase patterns in experimental data.

Findings

Decay-rate maxima phases are consistent with the proposed model.

Forbidden phase ranges are identified and not observed in data.

Data supports the influence of solar asymmetry on decay rates.

Abstract

Recent analyses of datasets acquired at the Brookhaven National Laboratory and at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt both show evidence of pronounced annual variations, suggestive of a solar influence. However, the phases of decay-rate maxima do not correspond precisely to the phase of minimum Sun-Earth distance, as might then be expected. We here examine the hypothesis that decay rates are influenced by an unknown solar radiation, but that the intensity of the radiation is influenced not only by the variation in Sun-Earth distance, but also by a possible North-South asymmetry in the solar emission mechanism. We find that this can lead to phases of decay-rate maxima in the range 0 to 0.183 or 0.683 to 1 (September 6 to March 8) but that, according to this hypothesis, phases in the range 0.183 to 0.683 (March 8 to September 6) are "forbidden." We find that phases of the three datasets here analyzed fall in the allowed range.