Phantom energy accretion and primordial black holes evolution in Brans-Dicke theory

TL;DR

This paper investigates how phantom energy and radiation accretion influence the evolution and lifespan of primordial black holes within Brans-Dicke theory, revealing that phantom energy shortens black hole lifespans while radiation accretion extends them.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of the combined effects of phantom energy and radiation accretion on primordial black holes in Brans-Dicke theory, highlighting the dominance of phantom accretion during certain cosmic eras.

Findings

Radiation accretion increases black hole lifetime.

Phantom energy accretion decreases black hole lifespan.

During matter domination, phantom accretion eventually dominates over radiation accretion.

Abstract

In this work, we study the evolution of primordial black holes within the context of Brans-Dicke theory by considering the presence of a dark energy component with a super-negative equation of state called phantom energy as a background. Besides Hawking evaporation, here we consider two type of accretions - radiation accretion and phantom energy accretion. We found that radiation accretion increases the lifetime of primordial black holes whereas phantom accretion decreases the lifespan of primordial black holes. Investigating the competition between the radiation accretion and phantom accretion, we got that there is an instant during the matter-dominated era beyond which phantom accretion dominates radiation accretion. So the primordial black holes which are formed in the later part of radiation dominated era and in matter dominated era are evaporated at a quicker rate than the Hawking evaporation. But for presently evaporating primordial black holes, radiation accretion and Hawking evaporation terms are dominant over phantom accretion term and hence presently evaporating primordial black holes are not much affected by phantom accretion.