Superconducting quantum interference devices with submicron Nb/HfTi/Nb junctions for investigation of small magnetic particles

TL;DR

This study demonstrates miniaturized Nb/HfTi/Nb SQUIDs with low flux noise and high spin sensitivity at 4.2 K, advancing the potential for detecting small magnetic particles and single spins.

Contribution

It introduces submicron Nb/HfTi/Nb Josephson junction-based SQUIDs with quantified flux noise and spin sensitivity, showing room for further optimization for single-spin detection.

Findings

Flux noise of 250-300 nΦ₀/Hz^{1/2} in devices

Spin sensitivity of approximately 29-44 μ_B/Hz^{1/2}

Potential for further improvements towards single spin resolution

Abstract

We investigated, at temperature $4.2\,\mathrm{K}$, electric transport, flux noise and resulting spin sensitivity of miniaturized Nb direct current superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) based on submicron Josephson junctions with HfTi barriers. The SQUIDs are either of the magnetometer-type or gradiometric in layout. In the white noise regime, for the best magnetometer we obtain a flux noise $S_{\Phi}^{1/2}=250\,\mathrm{n}\Phi_0/\mathrm{Hz}^{1/2}$, corresponding to a spin sensitivity $S^{1/2}_\mu\,\ge\,29\,\mu_B/\mathrm{Hz}^{1/2}$. For the gradiometer we find $S_{\Phi}^{1/2}=300\,\mathrm{n}\Phi_0/\mathrm{Hz}^{1/2}$ and $S^{1/2}_\mu\,\ge\,44\,\mu_B/\mathrm{Hz}^{1/2}$. The devices can still be optimized with respect to flux noise and coupling between a magnetic particle and the SQUID, leaving room for further improvement towards single spin resolution.