From de Sitter to de Sitter: A New Cosmic Scenario without Dark Energy

TL;DR

This paper proposes a non-singular cosmological model driven by gravitational particle production, evolving between two de Sitter phases without dark energy, addressing the horizon, coincidence, and cosmological constant problems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel cosmic scenario based on gravitationally-induced particle production that replaces dark energy and connects early and late de Sitter phases naturally.

Findings

Model reproduces standard LCDM expansion history without dark energy.

Universe transitions smoothly from an initial to a final de Sitter phase.

Addresses horizon, coincidence, and cosmological constant problems.

Abstract

In the present lore of cosmology, matter and space-time emerged from a singularity and evolved through four different regimes: inflation, radiation, dark matter and dark energy dominated eras. In the radiation and dark matter dominated stages, the expansion of the Universe decelerates while the inflation and dark energy eras are accelerating regimes. So far there is no clear cut connection between these accelerating periods. More intriguing, the substance driving the present accelerating stage remains a mystery, and the best available candidate (vacuum energy density) is plagued with the coincidence and cosmological constant problems. In this paper we overcome such problems through an alternative cosmic scenario based on gravitationally-induced particle production. The model proposed here is non-singular with the space-time emerging from a pure initial de Sitter stage thereby providing a natural solution to the horizon problem. Subsequently, due to an instability provoked by the production of massless particles, the Universe evolves smoothly to the standard radiation dominated era thereby ending the production of radiation as required by the conformal invariance (Parker's theorem). Next, the radiation becomes subdominant with the Universe entering in the cold dark matter dominated era. Finally, the negative pressure associated with the creation of cold dark matter particles accelerates the expansion and drives the Universe to a final de Sitter stage. The late time cosmic expansion history is exactly like in the standard LCDM model, however, there is no dark energy. The model evolves between two limiting (early and late time) de Sitter regimes. Our scenario is fully determined by two extreme energy densities, or equivalently, the associated de Sitter Hubble scales connected by 122 orders of magnitude.