Steady energy transfer dependence granular temperature on single bouncing granular particle

TL;DR

This study simulates a free particle bouncing on a vertically vibrated base, identifying steady and unsteady energy transfer states, with the transition influenced by trajectory peak rather than granular temperature.

Contribution

It reveals that the granular temperature does not determine energy transfer states, highlighting the role of trajectory peak in state separation.

Findings

Two distinct energy transfer states identified.

Granular temperature has no role in state determination.

Trajectory peak value separates the states.

Abstract

Simulation of a system consisted of free particle bouncing on a vertically vibrated based is performed. Two different states, which are steady and unsteady energy transfer state are found. The vibrating based is hold at constant vibration frequency $f = 0.1$ as the vibration amplitude $A$ varied. Sinusoidal form is used. Granular temperature $T_g$ as function of based velocity and coefficient of restitution is used but shown no role in determining energy transfer state of the system. Peak of free particle trajectory $x_m$ around value 20 seperate region of the two states.