Random field Ising model : statistical properties of low-energy excitations and of equilibrium avalanches

TL;DR

This paper investigates the statistical properties of low-energy excitations and avalanches in the zero-temperature Random-Field Ising Model, emphasizing the role of the droplet exponent in different regimes and validating predictions through numerical simulations.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the droplet exponent's meaning beyond thermodynamics and explores the distribution of excitations and avalanches in the RFIM, including numerical validation.

Findings

Droplet size distribution follows a power law with exponent related to θ.

In the non-mean-field region, droplets are compact with fractal dimension d.

In the mean-field region, droplets are fractal with dimension 2θ, leading to a 3/2 power law for avalanche sizes.

Abstract

With respect to usual thermal ferromagnetic transitions, the zero-temperature finite-disorder critical point of the Random-field Ising model (RFIM) has the peculiarity to involve some 'droplet' exponent $\theta$ that enters the generalized hyperscaling relation $2-\alpha= \nu (d-\theta)$. In the present paper, to better understand the meaning of this droplet exponent $\theta$ beyond its role in the thermodynamics, we discuss the statistics of low-energy excitations generated by an imposed single spin-flip with respect to the ground state, as well as the statistics of equilibrium avalanches i.e. the magnetization jumps that occur in the sequence of ground-states as a function of the external magnetic field. The droplet scaling theory predicts that the distribution $dl/l^{1+\theta}$ of the linear-size $l$ of low-energy excitations transforms into the distribution $ds/s^{1+{\theta/d_f}}$ for the size $s$ (number of spins) of excitations of fractal dimension $d_f$ ($s \sim l^{d_f}$). In the non-mean-field region $d<d_c$, droplets are compact $d_f=d$, whereas in the mean-field region $d>d_c$, droplets have a fractal dimension $d_f=2 \theta$ leading to the well-known mean-field result $ds/s^{3/2}$. Zero-field equilibrium avalanches are expected to display the same distribution $ds/s^{1+{\theta/d_f}}$. We also discuss the statistics of equilibrium avalanches integrated over the external field and finite-size behaviors. These expectations are checked numerically for the Dyson hierarchical version of the RFIM, where the droplet exponent $\theta(\sigma)$ can be varied as a function of the effective long-range interaction $J(r) \sim 1/r^{d+\sigma}$ in $d=1$.