Conductance spectroscopy of a correlated superconductor in a magnetic field in the Pauli limit: Evidence for strong correlations

TL;DR

This paper investigates conductance spectra of a correlated superconductor under magnetic fields, revealing how strong correlations modify spectral features, providing a potential experimental signature for identifying correlation effects.

Contribution

It introduces a model incorporating strong correlations via the Gutzwiller method into conductance spectroscopy analysis of superconductors in magnetic fields, highlighting differences from uncorrelated cases.

Findings

Correlations reduce the spin-split conductance peak distance by 30-50%.

Conductance features differ significantly between correlated and uncorrelated superconductors.

The effects are more pronounced in BCS superconductors than in FFLO states.

Abstract

We study conductance spectroscopy of a two-dimensional junction between a normal metal and a strongly-correlated superconductor in an applied magnetic field in the Pauli limit. Depending on the field strength the superconductor is either in the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS), or in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state of the Fulde-Ferrell (FF) type. The strong correlations are accounted for by means of the Gutzwiller method what leads naturally to the emergence of the spin-dependent masses (SDM) of quasiparticles when the system is spin-polarized. The case without strong correlations (with the spin-independent masses, SIM) is analyzed for comparison. We consider both the s-wave and the d-wave symmetries of the superconducting gap and concentrate on the parallel orientation of the Cooper pair momentum Q with respect to the junction interface. The junction conductance is presented for selected barrier strengths (i.e., in the contact, intermediate, and tunneling limits). The conductance spectra in the cases with and without strong correlations differ essentially. Our analysis provides thus an experimentally accessible test for the presence of strong-correlations in the superconducting state. Namely, correlations alter the distance between the conductance peaks (or related conductance features) for carriers with spin-up and spin-down. In the uncorrelated case, this distance is twice the Zeeman energy. In the correlated case, the corresponding distance is about 30-50% smaller, but other models may provide even stronger difference, depending on details of the system electronic structure. It turns out that the strong correlations manifest themselves most clearly in the case of the junction with the BCS, rather than the FFLO superconductor, what should make the experimental verification of the present results simpler.