A quantum Hall Mach-Zehnder interferometer far beyond the equilibrium

TL;DR

This paper reports the experimental realization of a quantum Hall Mach-Zehnder interferometer operating far beyond equilibrium, demonstrating high-visibility interference patterns under large imbalances and wide temperature ranges.

Contribution

It introduces a novel interference scheme based on intra-edge elastic transitions within the same Landau sublevel, extending quantum Hall interferometry beyond equilibrium conditions.

Findings

High-visibility Aharonov-Bohm interference observed at millivolt imbalances

Interference persists in small interferometers and across wide temperature ranges

Operates based on intra-edge elastic transitions within Landau sublevels

Abstract

We experimentally realize quantum Hall Mach-Zehnder interferometer which operates far beyond the equilibrium. The operation of the interferometer is based on allowed intra-edge elastic transitions within the same Landau sublevel in the regime of high imbalances between the co-propagating edge states. Since the every edge state is definitely connected with the certain Landau sublevel, the formation of the interference loop can be understood as a splitting and a further reconnection of a single edge state. We observe an Aharonov-Bohm type interference pattern even for low-size interferometers. This novel interference scheme demonstrates high visibility even at millivolt imbalances and survives in a wide temperature range.