Dipole-dipole interaction and polarization mode in BEC

TL;DR

This paper develops quantum hydrodynamics equations for Bose-Einstein condensates with electric dipole moments, analyzing how dipole-dipole interactions influence polarization dynamics and elementary excitations.

Contribution

It introduces the first quantum equations for medium polarization evolution in dipolar BECs and presents a novel method to study interaction effects on polarization dynamics.

Findings

Dipole-dipole interactions significantly affect elementary excitations.

A new type of polarization-induced elementary excitation is identified.

Wave generation in polarized BEC by polarized particle beams is demonstrated.

Abstract

We propose the construction of a set of quantum hydrodynamics equations for the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) where atoms have electric dipole moment (EDM). The contribution of the dipole-dipole interactions (DDI) to the Euler equation is estimated. Quantum equations for the evolution of medium polarization are constructed for the first time. The mathematical method we developed allows studying the effects of interactions on the evolution of polarization. The developed method may be applied to various physical systems in which dynamics is affected by DDI. A problem of elementary excitations in BEC, either affected or not affected by the uniform external electric field, is addressed using our method. We show that the evolution of polarization in BEC leads to the formation of a novel type of elementary excitations. Also, we consider the process of wave generation in polarized BEC by means of monoenergetic beam of neutral polarized particles. We compute the possibilities of the generation of Bogoliubov's modes and polarization modes by the dipole beam.