Macroscopic quantum phenomena from the large N perspective

TL;DR

This paper explores the conditions under which macroscopic quantum systems can retain quantum features rather than becoming classical, using large N theories across various physical contexts.

Contribution

It provides a systematic investigation into the foundational issues of macroscopic quantum phenomena through large N expansion, correlation hierarchy, and entanglement analysis.

Findings

Quantum phenomena can persist in macroscopic systems under certain conditions.

Large N theories help understand the quantum-classical transition.

Various models show no inherent reason for quantum features to vanish at large scales.

Abstract

Macroscopic quantum phenomena (MQP) is a relatively new research venue, with exciting ongoing experiments and bright prospects, yet with surprisingly little theoretical activity. What makes MQP intellectually stimulating is because it is counterpoised against the traditional view that macroscopic means classical. In this series of papers we report on a systematic investigation into some key foundational issues of MQP, with the hope of constructing a viable theoretical framework for this new endeavour. The three major themes discussed in these three essays are the large N expansion, the correlation hierarchy and quantum entanglement for systems of `large' sizes, with many components or degrees of freedom. In this paper we use different theories in a variety of contexts to examine the conditions or criteria whereby a macroscopic quantum system may take on classical attributes, and, more interestingly, that it keeps some of its quantum features. The theories we consider here are, the O(N) quantum mechanical model, semiclassical stochastic gravity and gauge / string theories; the contexts include that of a `quantum roll' in inflationary cosmology, entropy generation in quantum Vlasov equation for plasmas, the leading order and next-to-leading order large N behaviour, and hydrodynamic / thermodynamic limits. By examining different representative systems where detailed theoretical analysis has been carried out, we find that there is no a priori good reason why quantum phenomena in macroscopic objects cannot exist.