Testing gravity law in the solar system

TL;DR

This paper reviews metric extensions of General Relativity that preserve the equivalence principle but modify energy-curvature coupling, aiming to improve solar system tests and bridge the gap to larger-scale gravitational anomalies.

Contribution

It introduces a phenomenological framework extending GR, generalizing PPN and fifth force models, to better interpret gravitational anomalies in the solar system.

Findings

Potential observational effects on ephemerides

Framework accommodates deviations from GR

Motivates more precise solar system tests

Abstract

The predictions of General relativity (GR) are in good agreement with observations in the solar system. Nevertheless, unexpected anomalies appeared during the last decades, along with the increasing precision of measurements. Those anomalies are present in spacecraft tracking data (Pioneer and flyby anomalies) as well as ephemerides. In addition, the whole theory is challenged at galactic and cosmic scales with the dark matter and dark energy issues. Finally, the unification in the framework of quantum field theories remains an open question, whose solution will certainly lead to modifications of the theory, even at large distances. As long as those "dark sides" of the universe have no universally accepted interpretation nor are they observed through other means than the gravitational anomalies they have been designed to cure, these anomalies may as well be interpreted as deviations from GR. In this context, there is a strong motivation for improved and more systematic tests of GR inside the solar system, with the aim to bridge the gap between gravity experiments in the solar system and observations at much larger scales. We review a family of metric extensions of GR which preserve the equivalence principle but modify the coupling between energy and curvature and provide a phenomenological framework which generalizes the PPN framework and "fifth force" extensions of GR. We briefly discuss some possible observational consequences in connection with highly accurate ephemerides.