Paired Superfluidity and Fractionalized Vortices in Spin-orbit Coupled Bosons

TL;DR

This paper investigates the finite temperature behavior of spin-orbit coupled bosons in two dimensions, revealing phase transitions involving stripe order melting, pair superfluidity, and fractionalized vortices.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of a pair superfluid phase with fractionalized vortices in spin-orbit coupled bosons, highlighting the effects of isotropic spin-orbit coupling on critical temperatures.

Findings

Stripe order melts first with increasing temperature.

A pair superfluid phase supports fractionalized vortices.

Critical temperature drops to zero for isotropic spin-orbit coupling.

Abstract

In this letter we study finite temperature properties of spin-1/2 interacting bosons with spin-orbit coupling in two dimensions. When the ground state has stripe order, we show that thermal fluctuations will first melt the stripe order and lead to a superfluid of boson pairs if the spin-orbit coupling is isotropic or nearly isotropic. Such a phase supports fractionalized quantum vortices. The Kosterlize-Thouless transition from superfluid to normal state is driven by proliferation of half vortices. When the ground state is a plane wave state, the transition to normal state is driven by conventional Kosterlize-Thouless transition. However, the critical temperature will drop to zero for isotropic spin-orbit coupling.