Forced Synchronization of Spaser by an External Optical Wave
E.S. Andrianov, A.A. Pukhov, A.V. Dorofeenko, A.P. Vinogradov, and, A.A. Lisyansky

TL;DR
This paper investigates how an external optical wave can synchronize a spaser's oscillations, revealing a threshold-dependent locking behavior and identifying the conditions for synchronization.
Contribution
It introduces the concept of external field-induced synchronization in spasers and maps the Arnold tongue region for this phenomenon.
Findings
Spaser exhibits stochastic oscillations at low external field intensities.
Synchronization occurs only when the external field exceeds a certain amplitude threshold.
A region of parameter space (Arnold tongue) enables stable spaser synchronization with the external wave.
Abstract
We demonstrate that when the frequency of the external field differs from the lasing frequency of an autonomous spaser, the spaser exhibits stochastic oscillations at low field intensity. The plasmon oscillations lock to the frequency of the external field only when the field amplitude exceeds a threshold value. We find a region of values of the external field amplitude and the frequency detuning (the Arnold tongue) for which the spaser synchronizes with the external wave.
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